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.1.    L.    A.    ni'LEs—AJ>\'A.\i-.   KDJTIOX 


.CONDHNSHD  RULES 


FOR  AN 


AUTHOR  AND  TITLE  CATALOG 


Pk';>>ARRD   BY  THE 

COOPERATION  COMMITTEE 

OF   THE 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASS0CL\T10N,  1S83 

REViSfcU   BV  THE 

ADVISORY  CATALOG  COMAIliTEE,  1902 


ISSUED    BY   THE 

LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 


WASHINGTON 

u(JVI:kNM[:NT  PRINTIN(i  oil  nil 

LIBRARY  DIVISION 


A.   L.    A.   RULES— ADVANCE  EDITION 


CONDENSED  RULES 


FOR  AN 


AUTHOR  AND  TITLE  CATALOG 


PREPARED   B1'  THE 

COOPERATION  COMMITTEE 

OF   THE 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION,  1883 

REVISED   BY  THE 

ADVISORY  CATALOG  COMMITTEE,  1902 


ISSUED    BY   THE 

LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 


WASHINGTON 

GOVHRNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

LIIiRARY  DIVISION 

August.  1902 


^ 


.^ 


(^' 


V 


CK 


[ 


X 


V 


'1 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  eondiaistMl  rules  for  an  author  and  title  eatalou,  of  which 
a  revision  is  here  2)rt'S('ntt'(l,  were  i)re}»are(l  hy  a  eonunittee'  of  the 
Ainerieau  Lihrarv  Association  appointed  Septendjer  5,  1877.  The 
full  text  of  the  rules  was  lirsi  suhrnitte<l  at  the  Buifalo  conference 
in  ISS?),-  2)rintcd  in  full  in  the  proceedings  of  that  year  (Lihrary 
journal,  S:  251-254),  and  re})rinted  in  Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dic- 
tionary catalog.  The  iini»ortance  of  some  uniformity  in  cataloging 
praetiee  has  therefore  from  the  hegiiuiing  heen  fully  rect)gnized  hy 
the  Association.  The  compilation  and  issue  of  the  A.  L.  A.  rules 
have  not,  however,  prevented  considcrahle  divergence  in  the  prac- 
tice even  of  lihraries  which  have  hecn  organized  suhsecjuent  to  1S83, 

One  of  the  first  (juestions  to  he  considered  hy  the  Puhlishing 
Board  of  tlic  American  Library  Association  wlu-n  coopci-ative  cata- 
loging had  c(»me  })rominently  to  the  front  and  had  linally  resulted, 
at  the  Montival  meeting  of  -luue,  1000,  in  definite  action  hy  the 
Associati(»n,  was  the  means  of  introducing  more  uniformity  into 
the  size  and  style  of  type,  the  catalog  cards,  and  the  rules  govern- 
ing entries.  As  soon  as  the  agreement  had  heen  consummated 
between  the  Publishing  Board  and  the  Library  of  Congress  wherel)y 
the  Library  was  to  suppl}'  })rinted  cards  for  current  books,  l)egin- 
ning,  if  possible,  with  January  1,  1901,  the  a})[»ointment  of  the 
present  Catalog  Conmiittee  was  decided  upon. 

The  work  so  far  accomplished  by  this  committee  can  be  sum- 
marized briefly  as  follows  :  Immediatidy  after  its  a])p()intment, 
about  tlie  middle  of  December,  lUOO,  it  was  instructed  to  in(|uire 
into  the  type  and  style  of  entry  in  use  at  the  Librar}'  of  Congress, 
to  recommend  such  modifications  as  might  seem  necessary,  and, 
further,  to  consider  the  catalog  rules  in  force — mainly  the  ])oints 
on  which  American  libraries  had  failed  to  reach  an  agreement.  In 
order  that  the  issue  of  ])rinte(l  cards  from  the  Library  of  C'ongress 
might  begin  with  the  calendar  year  1901,  the  conmiitte*!  agreed 
that  for  the  time  being  the  type  and  style  of  entry  in  use  at  the 
Library  of  Congress  should  l)e  accepted,  with  a  few  slight  modifi- 
cations. 

No  meeting  of  the  committee  could  be  held  before  March,  1901. 
The  points  to  l)e  then   first  considered  weiv  those  affecting  typog- 

>  C.  A.  Cutter,  A.  IL  Spofloni,  S.  S.  (Jreen,  .1.  N.  Dyer,  L.  K.  Junes. 
-  C.  A.  Cutter,  S.  II.  Scudder,  ('.  15.  Tiffiugliast,  eoiiiuiittee. 

2 


///^f/ 


INTRODVCTION.  3 

raphy  and  form  of  entry,  and  tlio  foll()\vinj>-  rccunnnendations  were 
agreed  upon  and  submitted  : 

(a)  The  entire  headinii  to  be  printed  in  12-point  liea\'y-faeed 
type,  exeeptions  1)eing  made  for  titles,  explanatory  phrases,  ete. 

(/>)  The  author's  name  or  heading  to  be  printe(l  on  a,  line  l»y 
itself. 

(/•)   Title  to  be  printed  in  l-2-})oint. 

(rf)  The  imprint  to  be  in  Roman  type. 

(e)  Series  note  to  be  printed  at  the  end  of  the  eollation. 

(/)  For  collation,  notes,  and  contents,  the  largest  type  that  the 
32-size  card  will  permit  is  to  l)e  used,  and  if  the  8-])oint  tyi)e  is 
the  largest,  to  use  that. 

(ry)  The  position  of  the  collation  and  series  note  to  l)e  on  a 
separate  line  immediately  after  the  date  and  preceding  the  other 
notes. 

{h)   Notes  to  be  ])la('ed  before  contents. 

Tlie  term  "collation"  is  here  used  to  cover  that  part  of  the  de- 
scrii)tion  which  follows  the  imprint  date — viz,  vols.,  pages,  illus- 
trations, maps,  plates,  etc.,  and  size. 

It  was  decided  that  the  A.  L.  A.  rules  printed  as  Appendix  I  to 
Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionary  catalog,  edition  of  1891,  should  be 
made  the  basis  for  further  consideration,  particularly  those  sections 
which  had  been  included  in  "disputed  points"  submitted  by  the 
Cooperative  Connnittee  of  the  A.  L.  A.  at  Montreal  in  1900. 

The  result  of  thest'  delibei-ations  was  embodied  in  the  re]K»rt  to 
the  Publishing  Board  ])i-esented  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Asso- 
ciati(»n  at  Wauki'slia  in  .Inly,  1901.  The  Publishing  Board,  in 
;iceei»ting  the  re}»oi-t,  gave  further  instructions  to  continue  the 
woi'k  and  to  cover  the  whole  ground  of  the  catalog  rules.  It  was 
also  agreed  that  the  Library  of  Congress  might  i)rint  the  rnles  when 
they  should  be  sufhciently  advanced  to  warrant  it. 

The  difficulty  of  securing  a  full  attendance  of  the  eommittec  has 
necessarily  delayed  the  work  of  revision.  But  there  is  an  increas- 
ing demand  by  the  libraries  snbscril»ing  for  the  i)rinted  cards 
issue(|  by  tlie  Libniry  of  Congi'css  for  a  statement  which  shall 
embodv  the  main  points  in  the  y\\\v^  and  indicate  where  the 
Libraiy  of  Congress  differs  from  tliem  in  its  ])ractice.  Untler 
these  circumstances  i(  has  been  deciiie<l  liesl  to  issue,  as  a  tem- 
porary ex])e(lien(,  an  advance  edition.  While  answering  to  some 
extent  the  imii)e(liate  needs  of  the  libiaries  interested,  it  is  hojx'd 
that  it  may  also  serve  as  a  basis  for  tlie  fuitlier  consideration  of 
those  I'ules  on  whicli  iliere  is  still  dis.-igfeeiiieiit,  iiiid  especially  to 
facilitate  suggestions  ;ni(l  criticism  on  tbc  pjiit  of  lilirarians  who 
lake  an  interest  in  the  advancement-  of  cooperative  cataloging  and 
the  drawing  togctluT  of  the  main  systems  of  rules  now  followed  by 
Ameiican  lihraries. 


JATh'ODl'CTIOX  4 

Tlic  ((inDuittiM'  lias  In-on  anxious,  so  far  as  lay  in  its  power,  to 
lirini;-  al>out  conforniitv  Itotwoen  its  revision  of  the  A.  L.  A.  rules, 
tlie  new  (4th  )  edition  of  Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionarv  catalog,  as 
well  as  the  eonteni])lated  new  edition  of  the  Library  school  rules. 
It  was  felt  that  if  these  codes  could  be  brought  into  harmony  a 
considerable  advance  would  have  been  made  towards  a  uniform 
cataloging  ])ractice.  It  is  l)elieved  that  the  printing  of  this  tempo- 
rary eclition  will  materially  assist  in  furthering  such  agreement. 

In  the  revision  the  order  of  the  original  edition  has  l>een  closely 
followed,  the  main  changes  lieing  the  extension  of  the  rules  cover- 
ing cor])orate  entry  and  the  omission  for  the  present  of  any  rules 
on  capitals  and  arrangement.  Reference  is  made  in  the  first  case 
to  th(^  Ivibrary  of  Congress  rule  printed  as  an  appendix  ;  in  the 
second  to  Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionary  catalog,  4th  edition. 

The  ])resent  committee  agrees  with  that  of  1.S77  in  allowing 
some  alternative's  and  in  reconnnending  some  exce]>tions.  It  be- 
lieves that  in  certain  eases  discretion  should  be  left  to  the  indi- 
vidual library.  A  i)u1ilic  circulating  library,  foi-  instance,  may 
l)refer  to  enter  freely  under  authors'  ])seU(lonyms,  where  a  large 
reference  liVtrary  would  tend  towards  entry  under  the  real  names, 
if  known.  The  rule  to  enter  a  society  mider  the  first  word  not 
an  article  or  serial  number  of  the  corporate  name  will  be  applied 
diflferently  by  different  libraries.  It  Avas  our  aim  in  this  matter 
to  lay  down  a  governing  ]»rinci})lc  indee(l,  but  yet  to  make  excep- 
tions in  favor  of  entry  imder  the  })lace  when  we  thought  that  the 
great  niajority  of  readers  would  remember  tlie  name  of  the  place 
rather  than  the  name  of  the  institution,  ^^'hen  an  institution  is 
chjsely  associated  with  a,  certain  locality  l)y  its  buildings,  or  for 
other  reasons,  and  when  its  name  is  not  sufHciently  distinctive  to 
be  easily  reniend>ered,  entry  un<lei'  the  place  has  been  prescribed. 
Indeed,  the  feeling  with  which  the  committee  have  acted  through- 
out may  be  ex])ressed  in  a  quotation  from  the  4th  edition  of  Cut- 
ter's Rules  for  a  dictionary  catalog: 

"The  convenience  of  the  pul)lie  is  always  to  be  set  before  the 
ease  of  the  cataloger.  In  most  cases  they  coincide.  A  plain  rule 
without  exc(4)ti<»ns  is  not  oidy  easy  for  us  to  carry  out,  but  easy 
fdf  (be  pul)lic  to  understand  and  work  by.  But  strict  consistency 
in  a  rule  and  unifoi'mity  in  its  a]>))lication  sometimes  lead  to  ])rac- 
ticcs  wbicii  clash  with  the  public's  habitual  way  of  looking  at 
things.  When  these  habits  are  general  ami  deeply  rooted  it  is 
unwise  for  the  cataloger  to  ignore  them,  even  if  they  demand  a 
sacritice  of  system  and  simplicity.  That  [the  committee  has] 
alwavs  understoo"!  the  public's  views,  estimatc(l  correctly  its  power 
of  changing  them,  and  drawn  the  line  in  the  right  place  between 


IISTRDDl'CTION.  5 

a  conservative  regard  for  ciistoni  and  a  wish  to  lead  the  piibUc 
towards  a  desirable  simplicity  and  consistency  is  too  much  to 
assume;  hut  [we]  liave  at  least  always  looked  for  the  reasons  on 
both  sides."' 

As  these  rules  can  only  trive  a  brief  outline,  we  are  jrlad  that  the 
4th  edition  of  Cutter's  Rules  substantially  agrees  with  them,  and 
we  hope  that  the  forthcoming  edition  of  the  Library  school  rules 
mav  be  brought  into  a])})roximate  conformity  with  them.  It 
would  then  l)e  poSvSible,  in  the  final  edition,  to  refei-  to  these 
codes  whenever  a  fuller  or  more  detailed  statement  slutuld  seem 
advisable. 

The  committee  realizes  that  if  it  is  to  be  in  some  measure  suc- 
cessful in  its  labors  it  must  secure  the  coo})eration  of  librarians. 
Criticism,  comment,  and  suggestions  will  therefore  be  most  wel- 
come. The  issue  of  the  final  edition  will  depend  largely  u])on  the 
assistance  which  librarians  are  able  to  render  in  this  respect. 

The  rules  to  which  si)ecial  attention  is  called  and  where  criticism 
and  suggestions  will  prove  specially  helpful  are  : 

9.  Entry  of  publications  issued  by  a  Government  department  or  bureau. 

The  committee  is  anxious  to  have  a  full  expression  of  opinion 
on  the  alternatives  suggested. 

25.  Enter  academies  under  tlie  first  word  not  an  article  or  a  titular  desig- 
nation. 

This  rule  may  seem  a  radical  departiu-e  from  previous  practice 
in  American  libraries,  but  it  was  adopted  in  view  of  the  varying 
preferences  on  this  point,  and  in  order  that  the  libraries  subscril)- 
ing  for  the  printed  cards  might  be  enabled  the  more  readily  to 
arrange  the  cards  to  suit  their  individual  preferences. 

Alternatives  of  arrangement  might  be  suggested  as  follows  : 

(a)  Prefix  the  name  of  the  place  where  entry  under  this  is  pre- 
ferred. 

(}})  Fill  out  the  abbreviation  and  enter  under  Konigliche,  Re- 
ale,  etc. 

The  abl)reviation  of  the  designations  as  well  as  ignoring  the 
same  in  arrangement  are  in  line  with  the  best  bibliographic  ]irac- 
tice  of  continental  Europe. 

39.  Dissertations. 

Special  att<'ntion  is  called  to  enrUer  dissertations. 

Nina  E.  Browne. 

T.    F.   ClHKIEH. 

C.  A.  CiTTKi;. 

Mhs.  S.  ('.  F.\in(  iiii.i). 

.1.  ('.   M.   Hanson,  Chninii'iii. 

A.    H.    ilol'KINS. 

Aii(ji'-'>f,  1902.  Alice  B.  Kkoeger,  SecrcUny. 


\)^'      of  ..^xb* 


A.  L.  A.  RULES  WITH  MODIFICATIONS  OF 
THE  COMMITTEE. 


ENTRY. 

1.  Enter  books  under  the  snriKiiiic-^  of  authors  wlien  aseertained. 
In  case  of  works  or  editions  pul»lished  anonymously  tlie  lieading 
is  to  1)0  inclosed  in  braekets.  Add  the  note  "Published  anony- 
mously," or  "Anonymous  edition,"  when  it  is  desirable  to  empha- 
size the  fact. 

2.  Enter  ainyuyinotix  ])ooks,  the  names  of  whose  authors  are  not 
known,  under  'tlie  first  word  of  the  title  not  an  article.  A  motto 
or  the  designation  of  a  series  may  be  neglected  when  it  l»egins  a 
title,  and  the  entry  may  be  made  under  the  first  Avord  of  the  real 
title  following. 

o.  Enter  the  Bible  or  any  part  of  it  (including  the  Apocrypha) 
in  any  language,  under  the  word  "Bible.^'  Treat  in  like  manner 
the  Talmud,  Koran,  and  other  sacred  or  well-known  anonymous 
books.-'-     Refer  from  the  names  of  the  editors,  translators,  etc. 

*This  rule  covers  national  ami  popular  epics,  such  as  Edila,  Niebelun- 
genlied,  Reynard  the  fox,  etc. 

4.  Enter  under  initials  of  authors'  names  when  these  only  are 
kjiown,  the  last  initial  being  put  first,  unless  the  typograi)hy  or 
evidence  from  the  book  itself  shows  that  the  surname  is  re} •re- 
sented by  one  of  the  preceding  letters. 

5.  Pinter  under  'psrudoiii/iiis  of  writers  when  the  rc^al  names  are 
not  ascertained. 

('}.  A  ]).'<fii(lovi/ni  is  also  to  1)6  used  instead  of  the  surname  when 
an  author  exclusively  uses  his  })seudonym  on  the  title-pages  of  his 
liooks  and  is  much  l)etter  known  by  his  assumed  than  by  his  real 
name.  Put  both  names  in  the  heading.  In  case  of  doubt,  use  the 
n-al  name. 

The  Lihrary  of  Congress  re.stricts  entry  under  the  p.^eudonyin  to  a  few 
sjieeilic  (;ai-:es,  e.  g.,  George  Eliot,  George  Sand.  ()nly  one  iiaine  is  given  in 
the  heading,  tlie  other  appearing  either  in  the  title  or  in  a  note. 

7.  Enter  rollertions  under  the  name  ol'  the  collector  unless  they 
ai'c  better  known  by  the  title,  or,  like  periodicals,  are  to  be  indefi- 
nitely continued. 

Examples  of  collections  which  are  usually  to  be  entered  under  the  title 
are:  Encyclopedias,  almanacs,  series,  the  various  collections  of  Monumenta, 
Scriptores,  Collectanea,  and  Anecdota.  Pnder  the  collector  are  entered  an- 
thologies, chrestomathies,  collecti(jns  of  legends,  tales,  proverbs,  etc. 

G 


t 


A.  L.  A.  RULES.  7 

8.  Enter  under  names  of  roiditriex,  ritie'^,  toims^  etc.,  oHicial  jtuh- 
lications  issued  l)y  them  or  under  their  auspices.  Sueh  ])ubh.ea- 
tions  are  to  be  arranyed  under  subdivisions,  e.  g.,  Kiii(/,  Conyress, 
Departinerit,  etc. 

9.  Enter  (/orcnnitrnt  hiiirini.'<  or  ojfict-s  subordinate  to  a  depart- 
ment directly  under  the  country,  not  as  sub-lieadings  under  depart- 
ments. 

The  inversion  of  the  names  of  bureaus  and  departments — e.  g.,  Education, 
Bureau  of,  or  Education  bmeau — lias  not  as  yet  been  adopted  by  the  Library 
of  Congress.     At  present  the  heading  is  printed  :  U.S.     Biivtuti  of  t'ducution. 

Tlie  following ahernatives are  being  considered  (for  U.  8.  documents  only):  ^\ 

((0  Bureau  of  Education  (to  be  arranged  iwS«r  Education). 

{b)  Education  bureau  (the  practice  of  the  Superintendent  of  documents). 
——(c)   PMucation,  Bureau  of. 

The  Library  of  Congress  further  arranges  many  of  the  divisions  and  sec- 
tions under  the  bureaus  or  departments  of  which  they  form  a  part,  e.  g. :    ^  "CKrt 

U.S.     Deixirtiiu'iit  of  Agrlciillitn:     DIrision  of  hotoiii/.  i''' ^r\  t  ^  d-'^f'' 

U.  S.     Buieati  of  Auinidi  iiKhixIri/.     Ihintj  Oinxioit. 

U.  S.     Libra rij  of  ('ougreftx.      Uivisiou  of  dorniittiit». 

10.  Enter  under  the  writer  reports  made  to  a  department  by  a 
person  who  is  not  an  otticial.  When  several  persons  make  the 
report  the  department  may  be  considered  as  editor. 

11.  Enter  Uius  on  one  or  more  particular  subjects,  whether  di- 
gested or  merely  collected,  under  the  digester  or  collectt>r,  with 
added  entry  under  country. 

Digests  of  the  opinions  rendered  by  a  |)articular  judge  or  court  are  also  to 
he  entered  under  the  digester,  with  added  entry  under  the  judge  or  court. 

1*2.  Enter  rongresses  of  several  nations  under  the  name  of  the 
place  of  meeting,  with  references  from  the  nations  taking  part  in 
them  and  from  aiiy  name  l)y  which  they  are  popularly  known. 

13.  Enter  treaties  under  the  first  })arty  named  on  the  title-page, 
with  added  entry  under  the  othei",  with  a  reference  from  the  name 
of  the  place  when  the  treaty  is  conmK)nly  called  l)y  that  name,  and 
from  any  other  usual  a})pellation. 

14.  Enter  a  soeietij  under  the  first  word  (not  an  article  or  serial 
numlter)  of  its  corporate  name,  with  reference  from  any  other  name 
by  which  it  is  known,  especially  from  the  name  of  the  place  where 
its  headquarters  are  established,  if  it  is  often  called  by  that  name. 

1-5.  Enter  soeietie-s  extending  through  many  lands,  or  having 
authorized  names  in  many  languages,  imder  the  Englisii  form  of 
tlic  name,  unless  (a)  no  jiublications  have  appeared  in  Englisii,  in 
which  case  they  arc  to  be  entered  under  the  name  of  the  society  in 
the  language  in  which  most  of  the  ])ul>Hcations  have  appeared,  e.  g. , 
Internationale  erdmessimg. ;  (  oniilc  international  des  poids  et  me- 
sures  ;  Congres  international  des  Americanistes  ;  or  (/>)  no  publi- 
cations have  appeared  in  iOngiisii,  but  successively  in  various  foieign 


.1.  L.  .1.  RULES.  8 

languages,  in  which  case  that  name  is  to  h(>  selected  l>y  wln'ch  the 
society  is  best  known. 

16.  Enter  iiitcnnifioiinl  iiicf'fin;/-'<,  (■(uifcreiKrs^  ronffrcxscs  of  private 
persons,  under  their  Englisli  name,  the  same  exce})tions  ajiplying 
as  under  15. 

17.  Enter  onJers  of  kiu(/lifli()<i(J^  l)otli  those  of  medieval  times  and 
their  lionorary  modern  equivalents,  under  the  significant  word  of 
the  English  title,  e.  g.,  Malta,  Knights  of. 

It  is  better  to  enter  the  American  Knights  Templars  and  otlier  regular 
Masonic  bodies  under  the  heading  Freemasons. 

18.  Enter  coUege-t  of  an  P^nglish  university  and  the  professional 
schools  of  an  American  university  under  the  university's  name. 
Professional  schools  with  a  distinctive  name  may  be  entered  under 
that  name,  particularly  if  they  are  situated  at  a  distance  from  or 
for  other  reasons  are  less  closely  connected  with  the  university  of 
which  they  form  a  part.  Examples  are  American  medical  schools 
which,  originally  independent,  have  later  affiliated  with  or  become 
departments  of  a  university. 

19.  Enter  college  llbrarie><  and  local  eollege  .sorie/ies  under  the  name 
of  the  college  ;  but  the  Bodleian  library  may  be  jmt  under  Bodleian. 
InfereoUegi((te  HorieticH  and  Greek-letter  frateniitieH  should  go  imder 
their  names. 

20.  Enter  (ifumiii  and  nhiniiKie  (is.soeiation-^  under  the  name  of 
the  school  or  college. 

21.  Enter  American  juihlic  sc/hxiIx  under  the  name  of  the  city  or 
town  maintaining  them,  whether  they  have  an  individual  name  or 
not. 

22.  Enter  gaihU  vmder  the  name  of  the  city,  with  subheading 
for  the  name  of  the  trade,  e.  g. : 

Bristol.     Merchant  tailors. 
London.     Clockmakers. 

23.  Enter  bexlicfi  whose  legal  name  begins  with  such  words  as 
Board,  Corporation,  Trustees,  imder  that  part  of  the  name  by 
which  they  arc  usually  knoAvn. 

24.  Enter  the  name  of  a  ///•///  under  the  family  name  ratlun-  tlian 
the  Christian  name,  and  do  not  fill  out  the  forenames,  e.  g.,  A})ple- 
ton,  D.,  &  CO.,  not  Appleton,  Daniel,  ct  co. 

25.  Enter  aceulemieM  under  the  first  word  not  an  article  or  a  titu- 
lar designation  (K.  K.,  H.,  I.,  etc.) 

Abbreviate  at  the  beginning  of  the  names  of  societies  and  institutions  the  .., 

titular  words  Ilerzoglicli,  Imprrial,  Kaiserlich,  K(iniglicli,  Iveale,  etc.:  Iler- 
zogl.,  I.,  K.,  K.,  K.,  etc.,  and  disregard  these  titles  in  arrangement  except  in  '^€<. 

cases  where  they  form  the  distinguisiiing  part  of  the  name,  e.  g.,  Berlin. 
Konigliche  bibliothek  ;  Stockholm.     Kongiiga  bibiiotlieket. 

The  word  "royal"  in  the  names  of  English  societies  is  not  to  l)e  abbrevi- 
ated. 


A.  L.  A.  RULES.  9 

26.  Enter  iDsfilniidiis,  (/dllcrics^  hoxp'ilaJ^,  clnirifdhlr  hiMitiifJon^., 
Ubrarirs^  iinixcnitis^  etc.,  umlcr  the  ])l;v('(\  cxccpl  lliosc  havMiifi  do- 
cidodly  "individual"'  nani(>s  (as  tlio.se  named  troiii  persons,  or 
Avitli  names  derived  iVoni  other  proper  nouns). 

]']x. :   J)(>sti)n.      Musenni  (it  line  aft. 

Boston.      Home  I'mi-  indii^cnt  women. 
1iut  Corcoran  gallery.      \\'asliin,i;ton. 

27.  Kilter  iiiiirrrKilirs^'^'-  tidlJiric^,  etc.,  called  merely  lm})erial, 
Eoyal,  National,  and  tlie  like,  under  the  name  of  the  place,  except 
the  National  gallery  in  London. 

*Tlie  full  corporate  names  of  tlie  universities  of  eontiiien(al  Kunipe  are 
little  used  evea  in  oHicial  lilcradire  and  are  hence  practically  unknown. 
Entry  is  therefore  made  under  the  place  followed  l)y  tiie  simple  form  of 
name  in  current  use,  e.  j:. : 

Christiania.  I^niversitet,  (with  reference  from  Kon^lige  Frederiks  univer- 
sitet). 

Heidelherg.  Universitiit,  ( with  reference  from  (iro.ssherzogliche  FJuprecht- 
Karls  universitiit  zu  Heidelherg). 

Kiev.  Universitet,  (with  reference  from  Imperatorskii  universilet  Sviatago 
A'ladimira). 

28.  Enter  Amrriran  .stall-  iiiiirrr-'<ifirs^  sfafc  /li.sforicdl,  (i(/riciilfnr(if, 
and  Dirdirnl  .sor/VZ/Vx,  and  xfatr  lihr(irir--i.^  whether  supported  by  the 
state  or  not,  under  the  name  of  the  state. 

21).  Enter  exposilimis  under  the  name  of  the  jtlaee  where  they  are 
held. 

Ex.:    Chicago.        ]\'(irhrx  ('ohimhidii  r.rjKisitioD,   180.'>. 

New  Orleans.       WOrhTs  i luliisfriid  (HkJ  coffon.  crulvinnul  ij/ii- 

bition,  1SS4-18S.''). 
ButTalo.      Pan-Aiiirrictiii  ( xjntsUinii,   I'.lOl. 
Philadel])hia.      ('ciifciniidl  cxliihition,  187G. 

30.  Olm'rratoru'x  are  to  ))e  eidrred  under  the  name  of  the  place, 
except  that  (a)  university  ohservatories  are  to  he  entered  under 
the  university,  and  (l>)  any  ohservatory  having  an  iii<Iividual 
nauK,'  by  which  it  is  generally  known  may  l>e  entereil  under  that 
name,  e.  g.,  Lick  observatory,  ^'erk(\s  observatory. 

.">!.  Va\\vy  rlniiclii ■•<  under  the  name  of  the  place.  A  few  cathe- 
drals generally  known  by  some  other  name,  as  St.  i'aurs,  London, 
may  be  entenid  under  their  names. 

.'52.  i'aitei'  iiiniKisli r'ns  and  (■(iiircnls  under  the  place,  unless  better 
known  by  the  name. 

The  Lilirary  of  Congress  enters  freely  under  their  names  the  monastic 
institutions  of  tlie  middle  ages.  In  the  case  of  modern  Catholic  institutions 
the  rule  is  to  enter  under  the  place,  with  excejitions  when  the  name  is  de- 
cidedly (letter  known. 

y>'\.  k'nter  iKiltniKil  hdiih'.s  (lesigiiate(l  inei'eiv  li\'  nmiiber  under 
the  name  of  tlc'  [ilace. 


A.  L.  A.  Rll.ES.  10 

.')4.  Enter  Ix'/wrolciit,  moral,  or  similar  xoridic^,  which  art'  purely 
Jiu-iil,  under  the  place. 

35.  Enter  Youikj  iiieii''.i!  Chrixtiaii  ((ssoddfioiis,  nicrcdiitih-  lihnir;/ 
axiioriatiov.'^,  and  the  like  under  the  place. 

86.  Enter  jrrirate  school!^,  having  no  distinctive  name,  under  the 
name  of  the  j^roprietor,  and  private  lihrarieyi  under  the  owner. 

37.  Enter  a  periodical  under  the  first  word  (not  an  article  or 
serial  number)  of  its  title.      (See  also  Apjtendix  II.  ) 

o8.  Enter  ronnuenldries  accompanied  hy  the  full  text  of  the  work 
under  the  name  of  the  author  connnented  on,  unless  the  typo- 
graphical disposition  of  the  text  clearly  indicates  its  intended 
secondary  position,  e.  g. ,  in  footnotes,  (  ),  etc.,  to  elucidate  the 
conmientary,  or  when  the  text  is  insignificant  as  compared  with 
the  commentary  ;  in  these  cases  the  entry  should  be  made  under 
the  name  of  the  commentator.  In  doubtful  cases  the  reading  of 
the  title-page  shall  decide  the  entry.  (8ee  Cutter's  Rules,  4th 
edition,  ^14.) 

39.  Modern  disscrtatiov-'i.  Enter  dissertations  after  1800  under 
the  respondent,  excepting  for  universities  where  the  old  custom 
was  kept  up  after  1800  (e.  g.,  the  Swedish,  and  of  the  German  })ar- 
ticularly  Tubingen).  If  two  respondents  are  named  without  a 
praeses,  and  without  designating  the  author,  make  entry  under  the 
first  and  added  entry  under  the  second. 

Earlier  <lix-'<ert((tioiis.  Enter  dissertations  }»ublished  previous  to 
1800  under  the  praeses  as  praeses.*  ^hike  an  adtled  entry  under 
the  respondent  when  he  is  known  to  be  the  author  or  is  so  named 
in  the  dissertation.  The  word  "i^raeses"  or  "respondent"  shall 
be  added  in  the  heading. 

*Treat  in  the  same  way  dissertations  f)f  tlie  universities  where  the  old 
custom  was  ke])t  ii{(  after  1800,  e.  ^.,  the  Swedisli  and  Finnish  universities, 
and  of  the  (ierman  particularly  Tubingen. 

40.  Enter  reports  of  eiril  (uiioiix  under  the  name  of  tlie  party  to 
the  suit  which  stands  first  on  the  title-|)age,  with  added  entry  for 
the  other  parties.  Itepoi'ts  of  eroii'ii  and  eriitiiiidl  jiroreediiK/s  are  to 
be  enteretl  under  the  name  of  {\\v  (lefemhiiit ;  odiiiiraltji  proeeediiuj^ 
relating  t<»  vessels,  un<ler  the  name  of  the  resscl.  l)ceisi(inx  art'  to 
be  entered  under  the  court  making  them,  with  reference  fi'om  the 
judge.  A  plea  printed  separately  is  to  lieenteicd  under  the  lawyer 
who  makes  it. 

41.  'I'he  heatling  for  a  juinl  (nilhor  i'\\{v\\  including  correspond- 
ence, is  t(t  be  the  name  of  the  first  author.  The  names  of  the 
others  are  to  be  given  in  the  title  when  there  are  three;  if  more 
than  three,  it  is  better  to  give  them  in  a  note  or  in  contents. 


y|.  L.  A.  JULES.  11 

42.  Enter  riohlnuni  under  tlieir  higliest  titles,  unless  tlic  fauiilv 
name  or  a  lower  title  is  decidedly  better  known. 

43.  Enter  (Tclcsidstiail  (liijnihtrics,  t'xeept  iKi})es  and  sovereigns, 
under  their  surnames. 

44.  ICnter  .so/v'/Y'/////Nj  otlici-  than  (ircck  or  Ivoman.  niliin/  jiiiiicc!^, 
ixqx's.^  friars^  I  if  !■■•<()  i  is  caiionru'd,  and  all  other  jiersoiis  known  oidv  hv 
their  tirst  name,  under  this  tirst  name.     iji.  47. 

45.  O/vV/zfr// ?rr//o-.s'  (to  be  submitted  ).  *■'    .' *  o '^''>'^^ 

46.  Enter  iinirrml  iidiitcu  and  othci-  persons  who  have  changed 
their  nanies  under  the  best  known  form. 

Library  of  Congress  rule:  Kiiter  married  women  under  the  la.st  fonn 
unlegs  an  earlier  form  is  ihfUJnlhi  l»et.ter  known.  The  entry  shall  consist  of 
(a)  husband's  surname  and  (/<)  lier  own  name,  the  maiden  name,  when 
kudwn,  to  be  enclosed  in  curves,  e.  g. : 

Hopkins,  Mix.  Sarah  (Drake)  (iarretson. 
Stowe,  Mia.  Emily  Howard  (Jennings) 
Soyaux,  Fran  Frieda  (Schanz) 
Gasparin,  Valerie  (Boissier)  comtesse  (\e. 
Women   known    under  husband's  name  are   to   be  entered  as  follows : 
Hink.son,  Katherine  (Tynan)  "Mrs.  H.  A.  Hinkson."     Cross  reference  to  be 
made  from  the  latter  form. 

HE.\DINTtS. 

47.  In  the  heading  the  names  of  authors  are  to  be  given  in  full 
ami  in  their  rrriKirnhir  forin,=i^  except  that  (r/)  Greek  authors  of  the 
classic  period  are  to  be  entered  under  tlie  Latin  form  of  tlie  name  ; 
(/>)  certain  medieval  names  and  also  several  from  the  renaissance 
and  reformation  periods  are  to  be  enteivd  under  the  Latin  form 
when  this  is  nn^re  generally  known  ;  (r)  popes  are  to  l)e  entered 
under  the  Latin  form  of  the  name. 

*  Names  of  sovereigns  are  to  he  treated  according  to  this  rule.  Exceptions 
ai"e  made  in  nrienlal  r.amcs. 

JunriKiiiUs  not  used  by  authors  and  not  represented  by  initials 
on  the  title-pages  of  their  works  shall  be  omitted. 

W  lien  in  such  cases  it  is  deemed  safer  to  retain  tlie  full  name  the  follow- 
iicj  form  of  entry  may  he  adopted,  e.  g.,  J.evas.--eur,  Kmile  /.  r.  JMerre  Emile. 

'J'he  iiiiidijittl  nnrcU  a,  o,  u,  in  whatever  language  they  may 
occur  (derman,  Swedish,  Danisli,  Hungarian,  and  Finnish),  are 
to  l»e  written  as  on  tlie  title-page,  but  to  be  arranged  as  ae,  oe,  ue, 
aa,  etc.      (.See  Cutter's  Rules,  -1th  ecUtion,  i^  235. ) 

48.  English,  French,  and  Uelgian  surnames  beginning  with  a 
yn-efi.c  (except  the  French  (h'  and  d'  and  Px'lgian  ile,  d',  van,  van 
der,  van  den,  ten,  and  ter  )  are  to  be  entered  un(h  r  Ibe  pi-etix  ;  in 
other  languages,  under  the  word  following. 


A.  L.  A.  RULES.  12 


Ndtundhcd  n(imr--<  are  to  be  treated  by  the  rules  of  the  nation 
adopting  them. 

49.    Com)>i»iii(l  names  are  to  be  treated  according  to  the  usage  of  "^      ' 

the  fatherland  of  the  author  (English  ones  to  be  entered  under  the       /-^v^^^o^j^^.  ■'JUv-v^ul- 

Inuf    i^nrf   r»f   fVip  iiiinip     f(irpi(rn    riliPK    lindpv   flip    first    n;irt,  1"     l>nt,   if    it         1   .V-f    N.  _  -1,-1  .. 


Q.v>^.ilW  v— ^ 


last  part  of  the  name,  foreign  ones  under  the  first  part);  l>ut  if  it      1  -)^  ^^o-^y^y^ 
be  known  that  the  author's  own  treatment  differs  from  th<'  general      j    j 
usage  of  his  country  his  treatment  is  to  be  followed. 

50.  Drsi(/ii((tl<>m  are  to  lie  added  to  distinguish  writers  of  the 
same  name  from  each  other.  Dates  of  birth  and  death  are  to  l)e 
added  in  all  cases  whenever  practicable. 

51.  PirfixcK  indicating  rank  or  {)rofession  of  writers  may  l)e  added 
in  the  heading  when  they  are  part  of  the  usual  designation  of  the 
writers. 

52.  The  Avords  "//'///<</•"  and  ".sr/^/or,"  or  their  ahlireviations,  if 
generally  used  by  the  author  as  a  part  of  his  name,  are  to  be  used 
in  the  heading. 

53.  Names  oi  phirrs  are  to  be  given  in  the  English  form.  When 
l)oth  an  English  and  a  vernacular  form  are  used  in  English  works, 
the  vernacular  is  to  l)e  preferred,  e.  g.,  Dauphine  rather  than  Dau- 
phiny. 

TITLES. 

54.  The  title  proper  is  to  be  an  r.rart  frtniscrijif  of  the  title-page, 
neither  amended,  translated,  nor  in  any  way  altered,  except  that 
mottoes,  repetitions,  and  matter  of  any  kind  not  essential  may  be 
omitted  and  the  omissions  indicated  by  three  dots  (...)  The 
titles  of  books  especially  valuable  for  anti(|uity  or  rarity  are  to  l^e 
given  in  full,  with  all  practicable  i)recision.  The  phraseology  and 
spelling,  but  not  necessarily  the  i)Unctuation,  of  the  title  are  to  be 
exactly  copied. 

The  Library  of  Congress  usually  gives  the  title  in  full,  including  the  au- 
thor's name,  the  punctuation  of  the  title-page  being  generally  followed. 

55.  Any  addilions  needed  to  make  the  title  clear  are  to  be  sup- 
plied and  enclosed  l)y  brackets  ;  such  additions  are  to  be  very  brief 
and  in  the  language  of  the  title.  \\'hen  the  additions  nvjuirc  more 
space,  they  are  to  l)e  given  in  the  form  of  a  note,  the  latter  to  be  in 
English  unless  consisting  of  a  foreign  quotation  from  the  ])ook  or 
from  other  authorities. 

In  the  printed  cards  of  the  Library  of  Congress  square  brackets  [  ]  are 
used  only  to  indicate  matter  inserted  by  the  cataloger.  AVhen  brackets 
a(-tiially  occur  on  the  title-page,  angle  brackets  <  >  are  used  for  purposes  of 
distinction. 

56.  Books  in  more  than  one  volume  (not  periodicals)  are,  as  a 
rule,  to  be  cataloged  by  the  tiflf-piu/c  of  llic  firxt  nthimr,  su])se(|uent 
changes  being  explained  in  notes  or  contents. 


VAIV' 


J.  L.  A.  RULES.  13 

57.  Of  ^///r'-s-  and  fillr-iKit/cs  in  different  langua<res,  use  the  one 
that  alone  i«  in  Konian  eharaeters.  When  Itoth  or  neither  are  in 
Roman,  use  the  one  in  the  original  language.  Mention  in  a  note 
the  unused  title. 

The  Library  of  Congress  prefers,  in  case  of  Greek  classies  witli  a  Cireek 
and  Latin  title  on  one  title-pajjre,  to  give  botli. 

oS.  The  cdifioii  is  to  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  title  It  is 
to  1)(,"  given  in  the  language  of  the  l)Ook  and  in  the  order  of  the 
title-j)age,  except  tliat  custotnary  al)l)reviations  may  ])e  used. 

59.  Titles  in  eharnctcrs  other  than  Roman  or  Greek  may  Ix' 
tran-sl iterated.  The  bnujiKuje  or  languages  in  which  a  l)ook  is 
Avritten  are  to  be  stated  when  the  fact  is  not  apparent  from  the 
title.  Trdiishitr  in  a  note  all  titles  not  in  the  Romance  or  Teutonic 
languages. 

60.  The  Committee  has  decided  to  ])ostpone  for  tlic  j)resent  any 
definite  decision  on  enjiiinh.  For  a  lirief  statement  showing  the 
present  practice  of  the  Library  of  Congress  see  Ap}).  I. 

IMPRINT. 

After  the  title  are  to  1)e  given — 

61.  The  place  of  })u))]ication. 

62.  After  the  place  of  })u1)lication  the  place  of  printing  may  be 
given,  if  different.  This  is  desirable  only  in  rare  and  old  books  or 
when  of  special  significance  for  other  reasons,  e.  g. ,  London,  N. 
Triiliner  [Colombo,  S.  J.  A.  Skeen,  print.]  Paris,  Dentu  [Guern- 
sey, Impr.  universelle] 

63.  The  'pvhlixher'' X  name  (place  and  })ublisher's  name  in  the 
language  of  the  title). 

64.  In  books  pel rn fell/  priiifeil  the  name  of  the  ])rinter  or  the 
press  is  to  )»•  followed  by  the  abbreviation  "jiriv.  }»rint."  liefore 
the  date. 

65.  The  year  as  given  on  the  title-})age,  but  in  Aral»ic  figures, 
except  in  cases  where  the  form  in  which  it  appears  on  the  title- 
page  is  characteristic  of  a  special  edition  or  otfierwise  worthy  of 
note.  Dates  other  than  those  of  the  Christian  era  to  be  given  as 
on  the  title-page,  followed  by  the  date  of  the  Christian  era  in 
brackets.  When  there  is  no  in)i)rint  date,  it  is  to  1)0  added  in 
brackets,  and  if  uncertain  to  be  given  approximately,  e.  g. ,  [189-?] , 
[1 S9-]  ,  []  S'.)i>  ?]  .  Ill  the  case  of  books  fre(|uently  reissu(Ml  without 
date  or  printed  from  plates  bearing  date  of  earlier  (first)  edition 
(publications  of  Wanie,  Routledge,  Levy  freres,  Hachette,  etc. )  the 
fact  is  to  l)e  stated  in  a  note  giving  date  of  first  ])ublicatioii  of 
that  edition. 

4 


cA-'-v  o 


A.  L  A.  RVLEH.  14 

66.  Tho  year  of  C(:)i)yri<4ht  or  actual  publication,  if  known  to  be 
different,  in  biackets,  and  preceded  by  tbc  alibi-cviations  "c.," 
"pref.,"  "pu1>.,"  colopbon,  etc.,  as  the  ease  may  be. 

COLLATION. 

67.  The  nunilier  of  rohiiiit'^,  or  of  ji'if/r--^  if  tbere  is  only  onc^  vol- 
ume. 

68.  The  numliei-  of  jkij/cs  is  to  be  indicatecl  by  ,nivin_>;-  the  last 
numl:)erof  eacli  ]ia,L;in.u-,  separation- the  numbers  I>y  a  connna.  The 
addition  of  unpaged  matter  may  be  shown  by  a  +,  or  the  num- 
ber of  pages,  aseertainetl  by  counting,  may  be  given  in  l)raekets. 
\Mien  there  are  more  than  three  })agings  it  is  better  to  add  tliem 
together  and  give  the  sum  in  brackets.  Preface  or  introductory 
paging  is  to  be  given  in  Arable  or  Roman  figures,  aceording  to  the 
book. 

69.  IJhisf ration-^,  2')late>^^  portr(tit><^  maj)s,  etc.  Give  niniiher  of 
plates,  maps,  etc.,  when  the  number  is  easily  ascertained. 

70.  *S72^'  is  to  be  given  in  rcnthneters. 

Library  of  Congress  rule:  "Give  height  of  book  (of  cover  in  bound 
books)  in  centimeters,  exact  to  one-lialf  centimeter,  e.  g.,  if  exact  height 

be 

169""".  (1().9""'.)  write  17"". 

irO"""'.  (17'="'.)  17""'. 

171""".  (17.1"'".)  17""'. 

172""".  (l"--'"'-)  17"'". 

17?.""".  (17.."."".)  17.1""'. 

174""".  (17.4"'".)  17^-'". 

175""".  (17.5""'.)  17i"™. 

17(1""".  (17.G""'.)  17J""'. 

177""".  (1''.7'"".)  17|"'". 

178'"'".  (17.8""'.)  18""'. 

179'"'".  (17.9"'".)  18"'". 

etc.,  etc. 
When  l)ook.s  are  'narrow,'  'square,'  or  'oblong,'  or  etherwise  of  very  un- 
usual size,  give  butii  (iiniensions,  e.  g. : 

17  X  10"'".  (a  narrow  book) 

17  X  14"'".  (a  square  book) 

17  X  28""'.  (an  oblong  book)." 
On  the  printed  cards  space  is  provided  to  the  right  of  tbc  number  for  the 
insertion  in  manuscript  of  the  letter  or  fold  syniliul. 

71.  The  name  of  the  .sY'/v'r-v  to  which  the  book  belongs  is  to  be 
given  in  pai'enthescs  afb'r  tlie  collation. 

72.  4Mie  iiitjiriiil  and  i-n/ldlitni  are  to  giv(^  the  facts,  whetlici-  asci'r- 
tained  from  the  book  or  from  othei'  sources;  those  wliicli  ai'e 
usually  taken  from  llie  title  (  place,  puMislier's  name,  and  series) 
are  to  i)e  in  the  language  of  the  title,  (dn-cctions  and  additions 
being  inclosed  in  l)i'aek(4s. 


A.  L.  A.  RULES.  15 

73.  The  words  ''illustrations,"  "plates,"  "portraits,"  etc.,  are 
to  be  abbreviatetl.  All  iiit'orniation  in  collation  is  to  be  given  in 
English. 

CONTENTS  AND  NOTES. 

74.  Notes  and  contents  of  volumes  are  to  l)e  triven  when  nec- 
essary to  describe  the  works  })ro})erly,  tlie  notes  to  be  in  English 
unless  consisting  of  foreign  quotations  from  the  book  itself  or  from 
other  sources. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

75.  A  single  <hii<h  or  iiulcid  indicates  the  omission  of  the  pre- 
ceding heading  ;  a  subsequent  dash  or  indent  indicates  the  omis- 
sion of  a  subordinate  heading  or  of  a  title. 

7G.  A  (laxli  connecting  inmil)ers  signities  "to  and  including"; 
following  a  number  it  signities  "continuation." 

77.  A  question  mark  ?  following  a  word  or  entry  signifies  "prob- 
ably." 

78.  Bnickets  inclose  words  added  to  titles  or  imprints  or  changed 
in  form.      (See  also  note  to  55) 

79.  Anihic  figures  are  to  be  used  rather  than  Roman.  In  head- 
ings Roman  numerals  (in  small  (;a])itals)  are  to  be  used  after  the 
names  of  sovereigns,  princes,  and  popes. 

SO.    Ahbreriatioiix.      Lists  of  abbreviations  may  be  found  in — 

Lil)rary  journal,  ;]:  lG-20;  12:  LS7-1!»2;  W:  14L 

Siiuplified  Library  school  rules,  p.  71-77. 

Cutter's  Rules,  4th  edition,  appendix  vi. 

Instruktionen  fiir  die  alphahetischen  kataloge  der  preussisclien  biblio- 

theken    und   fi'ir   den   preussischen   gesanitkatalog.      Berlin,    1899. 

p.  r>(;-59. 

81.  Arraii(/('iiieiit.  See  Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionary  catalog, 
4th  edition,  J^  235-274. 


APPENDIX    I. 


RULES 

ON  THE 

USE  OF  CAPITALS  IN  CATALOG  TITLES. 


IN  FORCE  AT  THE  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS,  JULY,  1902. 


Ill  citing  the  rules  the  order  observed  by  Cutter  in  his  Rules  for  a  dic- 
tionary catalog,  1891,  §205-20(5,  is  closely  followed.  While  Cutter's  Rules 
liave  in  the  main  been  adopted  as  a  basis,  the  codes  of  Harvard  college  and 
the  New  York  state  libraries  have  l)een  freely  drawn  upon. 

Custom  accredited  by  good  authority  has  generally  governed  tlie  practice 
of  the  Library  with  respect  to  foreign  titles,  moditications  being  in  the  direc- 
tion of  uniforniity  of  rule.  The  latter  may  occasionally  have  led  to  decisions 
which  will  at  iirst  sight  seem  radical,  but  which  nevertheless  have  been 
found  necessary  in  order  that  the  rules  might  be  applied  by  a  large  force  work- 
ing in  various  special  lines  with  the  result  of  a  satisfactory  measure  of  con- 
gruity.  Instances  are :  ('()  common  nouns  not  capitalized  in  any  language  ; 
{h)  names  of  days  and  months  capitalized  in  English  only;  (r)  titles  of 
honor  or  distinction,  when  immediately  prefixed  to  the  name  of  a  person  or 
used  in  direct  address,  capitalized  in  English  but  not  in  foreign  languages. 

I.  ENGLISH. 

In  English  an  initial  capital  is  used— 

1.  for  the  first  word 

a.  of  every  sentence  ; 

b.  of  every  title  quoted. 

In  quoting  titles  lik(;  the  Nation,  the  Times,  the  word  follow- 
ing the  article  is  capitalized,  but  not  the  article  itself. 

c.  of  every  alternative  title. 

2.  for  all  proper  names  ^ 

(I.  of  persons  and  places. 

When  the  latter  consist  of  a  distinctive  name  joineil  to  a  ge- 
neric name  both  are  capitalized. 

h.  in  names  of  bodies. 

The  first  word  only  is  here  capitalized,  not  all  the  chief  words, 
e.  g.,  British  museum,  Smithsonian  iiistitntioii.  Harvard 
university,  INIuseo  nacional.  In  heading  and  imprint  the 
article  as  well  as  llic  following  word  is  capitalized,  e.  g..  The 
Western  union  teiegra|)li  company.  The  Century  company. 
In  the  body  of  the  title  the  article  is  not  capitalized  in  such 
cases,  but  the  word  following,  e.  g.,  the  Century  co.  Names 
of  special  government  departments,  courts,  legislative  bodies, 
etc.,  follow  this  rule. 

r.  Names  of  noted  events  and  pcrio(|s  arc  not  capKalized. 

1  Scicntilii-  iiaiiics,  fjL'iiiTa,  siK'cics,  etc.,  arc  iiol  i  Mi-itiilizcil  cviii  if  tlio  name  of  the  si>efies 
is  foriiU'il  fiMiii  a  iieisoiial  naiiir,  as  iiiii'iriis  i,'aiiiln'lii,  retinia  ciiin>t(ickiaiia. 


L.  ('.  in  ' I. IIS  FOR  CAr/T.lLS.  17 

I.  EN(^LLSH— ContimuHl. 

.'>.  for  adjectives  and  otlicr  derivativeH  from  pnipcr  iiaincs  wlieii  (hoy 
liave  a  direct  reference  to  the  person,  place,  etc.,  froin  wliich  they 
are  derived. 

4.  for  title.s  of  honor  or  distinction  wiien  inmiediately  prelixed  to  names 

of  persons  in  direct  address,  or  when  standing  instead  of  the  name, 
as  President  Lincoln,  Earl  Spencer,  Mr.  President,  Bishop  of  Al- 
bany.    They  are  not  capitalized  if  affixed  to  the  name,  e.  g.,  John 
Stanley,  earl  of  Derby;  John  Jewell,  bishop  of  Salisbury;  John 
Hay,  secretary  of  state. 
Epithets  are  also  capitalized  when  affixed  to  names  of  persons, 
e.  g.,  Alexander  tlie  Great,  liicbard  the  Lion-hearted  ;  so,  also, 
Henry  the  Second,  etc.     In  case  of  English  titles  consisting  of 
two  Avords,  usually  hyplienated,  both  words  are  capitalized, 
e.  g.,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Major-General. 

II.  FOREIGN  LANGUAGES. 

In  foreign  languages  initial  capitals  are  used — 

5.  for  1  <■/,  1  h,  1  r,  as  in  English  ; 

6.  for  names  of  persons  and  places. 

a.  Connnon  nouns  are  not  capitalized  in  Latin  and  ( irceU  or  in  any 
language  of  continental  Europe. 

h.  Adjectives  derived  from  names  of  persons  are  capitalized  in  all 
languages  of  continental  Europe,  certain  exceptions  being  re- 
served, i.  e.  some  adjectives  which  have  acquired  a  generic 
meaning,  as:  homerique  (I'Age  homerique);  hitherisch  (luthe- 
rische  kirche);  dantesco  (studi  danteschi). 

r.  Adjectives  derived  from  names  of  places  are  not  capitalized  ex- 
cept in  Dutch,  and  in  German  the  indeclinable  adjectives 
ending  in  -er,  e.  g.,  IJerliner,  Pariser.  Occasional  exceptions 
are  such  adjectives  as  either  are  or  may  be  used  alone,  as  Vati- 
cana  ("biblioteca"  being  either  expressed  or  understood), 
Palatina,  etc.  By-names  derived  from  j^lace  or  other  proj)er 
names  are  capitalized,  e.  g.,  Gregorius  Tin-o)t(')isls,  Bassano 
Mdiit'iniini. 

(I.  Names  of  days,  months,  etc.,  are  not  capitalized  in  any  (if  the 
languages  of  continental  Euroi)e. 

7.  for  names  of  bodies  as  in  English. 

8.  Names  of  events  and  periods  are  not  capitalized. 

9.  Titles  of  honor  or  distinction  are  not  capitalized  even  if  immediat(>ly 

prefixed  to  tlie  name  or  iised  in  direct  address,  e.  g.,  graf,  freiherr, 
frihene,  comte,  marchese,  vicomte,  professor,  doctor.  On  the 
other  hand,  personal  titles — e.  g..  Monsieur,  Madame,  Signor,  Se- 
iior,  Don,  Donna,  etc. — are  always  capitalized.  Epithets  used  as 
affixes  to  names  of  persons — e.  g.,  le  Grand,  der  (irosse — are  always 
capitalized. 


APPENDIX    II. 

PERIODICALS. 
LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS  RULE. 

^Liin  entry  is  made  under  tlie  last  form  of  name. 

For  eurrent  })eri()(lieals,  of  wliieli  the  entries  are  usually  not 
printed,  the  followin*^,-  order  is  prescribed  : 

L  Short  title,  followed  by  two  blank  lines  ;  imprint;  collation; 
f requeues'  of  }iublieatiou. 

2.  Beginning  a  new  card,  a  bibliographical  note  to  give  in  chro- 
nological order  the  various  titles  under  which  the  periodical  has 
Ijeen  published. 

3.  Note  giving  briefly  the  successive  editors. 

4.  Note  giving,  wdiere  imi)ortant,  changes  in  place  of  j)ubhea- 
tion,  and  publishers. 

2,  :>,  and  4  may  be  coiubiiied  if  tlie  ehanges  ef  title,  edilor,  and  imprint 
occur  simultaneou8h\ 

The  form  of  the  notes  is  to  be  such  that  information  reiiardiiiii'  earlier  or 
later  series  not  at  hand  may  l>e  easily  added. 

5.  Statement  on  a  new  card  of  what  is  in  the  Library,  iidroiluee(l 
by  tlie  phrase  ^'Library  has  :" 

('».  A  se})arate  concise  entry  for  each  series  bearing  a,  dilfennit 
title,  with  notes  "preceded  by,"  "continued  as,"  or  a  direct  nd'er- 
ence  to  the  current  nam(\ 

7.    Adilid  entry  under  the  names  of  eilitoi-s.  sulijecls,  etc. 

Wdien  a  periodical  ceases  to  be  jiublislieil  the  iid'ormation  con- 
tained on  the  card  s])eci[ied  under  .")  is  to  be  transferred  to  the  two 
Idank  lines  ])ro\ided  for  that  purpose  on  cai'd  1,  tju'  formei' card 
being  canceled.  On  tbeotbei'  hand,  if  a  periodical  continues  under 
a  new  name,  the  <'ai'ds  containing  bibliograplncal  notes  and  state- 
ment of  wliat  is  in  the  Library  ai'e  placed  ai'tei'  the  new  title. 
Lntlcr  the  old  title  there  I'emains  the  usual  brief  entry,  refei-ring 
for  continuation  to  tlie  new  name.  Incm'renI  titles  the  last  date 
an<l   the  statement   of  the  mmdxi'  of  \dlumes  are  to   be  written  in 

in'ucil. 

E.v  A.\nM.i:s. 

1. 

Tlie  Wesleyan-Methodist  magazine  .  .  .  being  a  continuation  of  the 

Arminian,  or  Methodist  magazine  first  i)ub.  by  the   I'ev.  .John 

Wesley,  \.  ^r. 

fiondon  fl  778-LSO.'>j 

IK;  V.  in  1'2().     port.     21-22'='".     moiil  liiv. 

IS 


L.  a  RULES  F(U!  I'Kh'lODK 'ALS,  ETC  l*.i 

Title  varies:  1778-97,  The  Anuiiiiuii  inayazine 


^4^  ^.^  ^^>"'    -^^^^ 


i798-182l/The  Methodist^n^  '  -    ^x^j^A      ^^/^-^/^     ^^'^-^ 

1822-        ,  The  We.sleyaii-lNrethodist  inatraziiie  ...  ^  1^     ^£-4" 


Editors  :  1778-91,  Joliii  Wesley. — 1792-1821,  George  Whitliuld,  George  Story, 
Joseph  Beii.son  and  others. — 1822-24,  Jabez  Bunting. — 1824-42?  Thomas 
Jackson.— 184-7-52,  G.  Cubitt,  W.  L.  Thornton,  W.  H.  Rnle.— 1850-75, 
Editors  not  ascertained.  —  187()?-Sei)t.  1893,  Benjamin  Gregory.  —  Oct. 
189.3-     ,  W.  L.  Watkinson. 

o 

Library  has : 

V.  1-20;  1778-1803.     20  v. 

V.  27-44  (new  ser.  v.  [1]-18)     1804-21.     IS  v. 

V.  45-67  (3d  ser.  v.  1-2:5)  1822-44.  23  v. 

V.  68-77  (4th  ser.  v.  1-10)  1845-54.  10  v.  in  14. 

V.  78-99  (otli  ser.  v.  1-22)  1855-76.  22  v. 

100-116  (6th  ser.  V.  1-17)  1877-93.  17  v. 

The  Arminian  magaziiu'  .  . .  consisting  chiefly  of  extracts  and  origi- 
nal treatises  on    universal   redemption,      v.    1-20;    Jan.    1778- 
Dec.  1797.     London,  Printed  hy  J.  Fry  c^'  co.  [ctc.j      [177Sj-97. 
20  V.     port.     21''-'.     monthly. 
Editors:  1778-91,  John  Wesley.— 1793-97,  George  Story. 

Continued  as  the  Methodist  magazine,  later  the  Wesle3'an-J\retiiodist  mag- 
azine. 

The  Methodist  magazine  . . .  being  a  continuation  of  the  Arminian 
magazine,  first  pub.  by  the  Rev.  John  AVesley,  a.  m.  ...  v.  21- 
2G;  V.  27-44  (new  ser.  v.  [Ij-lS);  170S-[1S21|  London, 
Printed  for  G.  Whitfield  [etc.]  1798-[1821] 

24  V.     port.     21-21^'"'.     monthly. 
Editors:  1798-1821,  George  Story,  Joseph  Benson  anil  others. 
Continued  as  the  Wesleyan-Methodist  magazine. 

1. 
The  American  ])rint(r  . . . 

New  York,  H.  Lockwood  &:  co.  [etc.,  1885-1901 , 

31  V.  in  19.     illus.,  pi.  (partly  col.)  port.     30^-.32.}'"'.     monthly. 


Title  varies:  1885-Jan.  1897,  The  American  budkmakcr 
.Mar.  1897-l)ec.  1899,  The  Printer  and  Ix.okmakcr  ... 
Jan. -Feb.  1900,  The  American  printer  i*c  bookmaker. 
Mar.  1900-        ,  The  American  printer  ... 

Editor:  1897-        ,  J.  C.  Oswald. 

Library  has : 

V.  1-31;  July  1885-Feb.  1901.     .;i  v.  in  19. 


L.  ('.  RL'Lt:s  FOI!  r!':ja<Jl>J('ALS,  ETC.  20 

The  American  Ixiokmakcr,  a  journal  of  tcclinical  art.  and  informa- 
lion,  for  ])nl)lisli<'rs,  hookliindcrs,  jirinlcrs,  1  it ho^ra pliers,  blank 
liook  nianufacturcrs  and  all  others  conncctfil  with  or  interested 
in  hookniaking.  v.  !--'>;  -luly  ISSo-Jmi.  JS',)7.  New  ^'ork, 
H.  Loekwood  t^'  co.  [lS,sr)-l)7| 

2;>  V.  ill  lo.     ilhis.,  (■(.!.  pi.,  poit.     ;;ii-;!2i'"'.     iiH.ntlily. 
Continued  as  the  I'rinter  and  bookmaker. 

The  Printer  and  l)(»okinaker  ...  v.  24-2S  ;  v.  29,  no.  1-4  ;  March 
lS',)7-r)ee.  LS!)'.).  New  York,  H.  Loekwood  &  co.  [ctc,  1897- 
l)9j 

5  V.  and  4  no8.  in  4  v.     illns.,  j)).  (partly  w\.)  i)ort..     'lO-i-oli'"'.     montlily. 
J.  C.  Oswald,  editor. 
Treceded  by  the  American  lK)okmaker. 
Coiitiiiued  as  the  American  ])rinter. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS. 

LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS  RULE. 

When  the  title  of  an  annual  re])ort  begins  with  an  ordinal  num- 
l)er,  as  "First  report,"  "2d  rep)ort,"  "  od  annual  report,"  etc., 
leave  space  (one  or  two  lines  after  the.  heading)  at  the  beginning 
of  the  title  for  vdtimate  insertion  of  the  ordinal  nvnnbers,  e.  g. : 

Boston.     Public  Llhrari).  Pa-<*^j^   dCiT^ 

annual  rei)()rt  ^-a  n  ^^^'^      , 

Boston,  The  Trustees,  1S.')(5-         etc.  \^Qo  ~ 

Even  if  the  title  reads  "Annual  report  of 

for  ISOti"  [etc.],  leave  s[)ace  at  the  beginning  (the  title  fre(iueiiily 
changes,  later  reports  beginning  with  an  ordinal  number).  In 
both  cases  leave  space  after  "report"  for  the  insertion  of  the  name 
of  the  officei-,  board,  etc.,  issuing  the  report,  and  for  dates. 

Add  after  inii)rint  and  collation  "Report  year  ends  ^larch  81," 
"Report  year  irregular,"   etc.,   as  the  ease  may  be.      When  the 
re))ort  year  agrees  with  the  calendai-  year  no  note  is  necessary. 
State  wliat  the  Library  has  in  the  following  form  : 
Library  lias  : 

lst-ir,th,  l.S(;i-7(;.      K5  v.  in  2. 
When  the  report  covers  part  of  two  calendar  years,  express  the 
ddubjc  dale  in  foiiii  of  fraction,  e.  g. 

ist-5th,  ls<);v4-LSi)7/s.    r,  v. 

.\s  in  the  case  of  ])ei-iodicals,  the  above  sh'demenl  is  always  to 
be^iu  a,  new  card. 


L.  a  RrLES  FOR  f'I'Jh'loniCALS,  ETC.  21 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  SOCIETIES. 

While  current  ))r()c('('(liii<i;s,  trMiisnctions,  etc,  oi"  sncietie.s  and 
institutions  are  necessarily  treated  by  rules  ditTerinu;  somewhat 
from  those  governing  entry  of  periodicals,  the  l)il)liogra|)hical  notes 
specified  above  (Periodicals  2-5)  maybe  applied  here;  so,  also, 
the  rule  governing  the  statement  of  what  the  Library  contains. 

Instead  of  a  short  entry  for  publications  issued  by  the  society 
under  an  earlier  name,  a  general  cross-reference  is  made  from  this, 
as  well  as  from  any  form  of  the  name  other  than  the  one  adopted 
as  main  entry,      {cp.  Periodicals  6. ) 


INDEX. 


[7'//''  )iiriiil)<'rs  rrfi'i'  fa  jKinif/ra Jills'] 


Abbeys 32 

Ablireviations — 

imi)rint (11, OG 

collation 7;i 

lists  of 80 

Academies 25 

Admiralty  proceed iiis>^ -10 

Alphabeting 81 

See  (ilxo  Cutter's  Rules,  -Itli  ed.,  J,  235- 
273. 

Alternative  titles  (capitals) Ai>p.  I,  Ir 

Alumni  and  alumnae  associations 20 

American  state  libraries  28 

agricultiu'al  societies 28 

historical  societies 28 

medical  societies 28 

universities 28 

Annual  reports Ap)).  11 

Anonymous  books 2 

Arabic  figures 79 

Arrangement 81 

Ser  also  Cutter's  Rules,  4th  ed.,  ?  235- 
274. 

Authors 1 

See  also  Names. 
Authors  having  same  name,  how  to  dis- 
tinguish    50 

Banks,  national 33 

Bible 3 

Bodies,  corporations,  etc 23 

(capitals) .Vpp.  1,  2?) 

Books  in  more  than  6ne  volume 56 

Bot)ks  yjrivately  printed 64 

Brackets 55,78 

Canonized  iiersons 44 

Capitals 60:  App.  I 

Cathedrals 31 

Churches 31 

Cities,  official  publications  of 8 

Civil  actions 40 

Collation 67-73 

Collected  works  of  authors S3-85 

Collections 7 

■ Partial  (arrangement).     Sir  it/so 

emitter's  Rules,  4th  cd.,  i,  262. 

College  libraries  19 

societies 19 

Colleges 18 

Commentaries 38 

ComiMjund  names 49 

Conferences,  international 16 

Congresses 12 

Congresses,  international 16 

Contents  74 

Convents 32 


Copyright  date 66 

Corporate  entry 8-36 

Countries  as  authors 8 

Criminal  proceedings 40 

Crown  procee<liiigs 40 

Dash 75,76 

Dates  of  birth  and  death 50 

Date  of  eov)yright 66 

Days  (ca]iitals)  M'\'-  I.  G'' 

Decisions 40 

Designations  added  to  names 50 

Digests 11 

Dissertations 39 

Documents  (countries,  cities) 8 

Ecclesiastical  dignitaries 43 

Edition 58 

Entry 1-46 

Ei)ithets  (capitals) App.  T,  4,  9 

Events  (capitals)  Apj).  T,  2r,  8 

Expositions 29 

Firms 24 

Forenames 47 

(aiTangement).  .^yc(  Hitter's  Rules, 

4th  ed.,  g  241-244. 

Freema.sons 17 

Friars 44 

Galleries 26 

Imperial,  Royal,  National,  etc "27 

Government  bureaus,  departments,  etc..      9 
Government    ]iublications     (countries, 

cities) 8 

Greek  authors 47 

Greek-letter  fraternities 19 

Guilds 22 

Headings 47-53 

Historical  societies 28 

History,  periods  in  (cajiitals)  ...  .\pi>.  1,  '2c,  8 

Hospitals 26 

Illustrations 69,73 

Imprint 61-66,  72 

abbreviations 64,  66 

Indent  75 

Initials 4 

(arrangement).  .Vr  Cutter's  Rules, 

4th  ed.,  g  257. 

Institutions 26 

Intercollegiate  societies 19 

International     meetings,    conferences, 

congresses 16 

Interrogation  marks 77 

.Toint  authors 41 

".lunior " 52 

Knighthood,  orders  of 17 

Koran 3 

Laws n 


INDEX. 


23 


Libraries 26 

American  state 28 

mereantile  library  associations 35 

private 30 

Maps 69 

Married  women 46 

Masonic  bodies 17 

Medieval  names 47 

Meetings,  international 16 

Mercantile  library  associations 35 

Monasteries .'Vi 

Months  (capitals) Apii.  1,  iUI 

Mnseums 26 

Names — 

of  authors 47 

compound  49 

of  days App.  I,  Gd 

medieval 47 

of  months App.  I,  Hd 

naturalized  48 

of  persons M'\'-  I.  2" 

of  places 53:  App.  I,  2<r 

of  publishers 63 

of  reformation  period 47 

of  renaissance  period 47 

vernacular  form  of 47 

National  banks 33 

Naturalized  names 48 

Noblemen  42 

Notes 74 

Nimierals,  Arabic 79 

Roman 79 

Observatories 30 

Official  documents  (countries,  cities) 8 

Omissions 54 

-dash  or  indent 75 

Orders  of  knighthood 17 

Oriental  writers 45 

Pages,  number  of 68 

Periodicals 37;  App.  II 

Periods  in  history  (capitals) Apji.  I,  2c,  8 

Place  of  printing 62 

Place  of  publication  61 

Plates 69,  73 

Pleas  (civil  actions) 40 

Poijes 44 

Latin  form  of  name 47 

Portraits 69,  73 

Prefixes  to  names 48 

(arrangement).  Nrr  Cutter's  Rules, 

4tli  ed.,  g  248,  249. 

indicating  rank 51 

Princes 44 

Privately  [irinted  liooks 64 

Proceedings— crown,     criminal,    admi- 
ralty     40 

I'seudonyms 5.  6 

Pulilications  of  societies \\i\i.  II 

countries,    cities,    towns    (doru 

meuts)  s 

Publisher's  name 63 

Reformation  iK'riod,  authors  of  (Latin 

forms  of  name  ) 17 

Renaissance   jieriod,  aulhors  ol'    (l.alin 
I'diiiis  1)1'  name) 17 


Reixirt.s— 

annual App.  11 

of  civil  actions 40 

of  crown   and  criminal  pioceed- 

ings 40 

made  to  a  department 10 

Roman  numerals 79 

Saints 44 

Schools,  American  public 21 

private 36 

professional is 

Secret  societies 17,  19 

"Senior"  52 

Series 71 

Single  works  (aiTangement).    Str  Cut- 
ter's Rules,  4th  ed.,  g  260-272. 

Size  notation 70 

Societies 14 

alumni  associations 20 

American  state  agricultural 28 

American  state  historical  28 

American  state  medical 28 

benevolent 34 

college,  intercollegiate ]y 

international 15 

moral 34 

publications  of Apii.  II 

Y.  M.  C.  A 35 

Sovereigns 44 

vernacular  form  of  name 47 

State  agricultural  societies,  American  ...  28 

State  historical  societies,  American 28 

State  libraries,  American 28 

State  medical  societies,  American 28 

State  univerisities,  American 28 

Surnames 1 

(aiTangement).  Ntf  Cutter's  Rules, 

4th  ed.,  §  23.5-239,  '248,  249. 

compound 49 

l)reflxes  to 48 

Talmud 3 

Title-pages  in  different  languages 57 

Titles 54-60 

additions  to 55 

alternative  (cai>i(als) .\pi).  1,  l/i 

quoted  (capitals) App.  I,  Ic 

transliteration  of .59 

Titles  of  honor 42 

(capitals) App.  I,  4,  9 

Towns  as  authors 8 

Transliteration .59 

Treaties ]3 

U.  S.  deiiartments.    Sec  Governiiienl  bu 

reaus,  departments,  etc. 

Umlaut  (ii.  r>,  ii) 47 

Sir  <i/so  Cutler's  Rules,  4th  ed.,  ji  235. 
Universities— 

American  stale 28 

Im|ierial,  Royal,  etc 27 

Vernacular  form  of  name 47 

Vessels 40 

Volumes,  numbei'  of 67 

Vowels,  modified  (ii,  ii,  ii) 47 

St(  (i/sii  Cutter's  Rules,  4th  ed.,  ^  235. 

Woiueu,  married 46 

^'<lunl;  men's  <  luislian  iissi)cia(i<ins 35 


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